Ear pain can come on suddenly and be particularly worrying, especially when it affects a child. One of the most common causes is acute otitis media, a middle ear infection that often develops after a cold, flu, or other respiratory infection. While it is most common in children, adults can develop it too. The good news is that most cases improve with the right care, and many can even be prevented.
In this blog, we’ll explain what causes acute otitis media, the symptoms to look out for, practical ways to prevent it, and the treatment options available.
What Is Acute Otitis Media?
Acute otitis media is a painful infection of the middle ear, where fluid becomes trapped behind the eardrum and becomes infected, causing pain, pressure and sometimes a fever. According to the NHS, most ear infections clear within three days, though some last up to a week.
What Causes Acute Otitis Media?
The main causes of acute otitis media are bacterial and viral infections that spread from the nose and throat into the middle ear. This usually happens when the Eustachian tube becomes swollen or blocked, trapping fluid where germs can multiply.
Common triggers include:
- Colds, flu, and other respiratory infections.
- Allergies that cause inflammation and congestion.
- Enlarged adenoids, particularly in children.
- Exposure to cigarette smoke.
- Bottle-feeding while lying flat in infants.
Children are more prone because their Eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal, making drainage harder.
Acute Otitis Media Symptoms to Watch For
The most common symptoms of acute otitis media include ear pain, muffled hearing and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Young children may also tug at their ear, become irritable, sleep poorly, develop a fever or lose their appetite. Fluid leaking from the ear may indicate a burst eardrum, which should be checked by a healthcare professional.
Ear Infection Prevention: Practical Tips That Work
Effective ear infection prevention starts with reducing the infections and irritants that lead to middle ear problems. Simple habits make a genuine difference:
- Keep up to date with vaccinations, including flu and pneumococcal jabs.
- Wash hands regularly to limit the spread of viruses.
- Avoid smoking around children.
- Breastfeed infants where possible and avoid feeding them lying flat.
- Manage allergies promptly to reduce congestion.
Acute Otitis Media Treatment Options
Acute otitis media treatment usually begins with pain relief, as most infections clear without antibiotics. NICE guidance recommends managing symptoms first and reserving antibiotics for cases that are severe or not improving.
Self-Care and Pain Relief at Home
Paracetamol or ibuprofen can help relieve pain and lower fever in most cases. Rest, fluids and a warm flannel held against the ear can also help while the infection runs its course.
When Antibiotics Are Needed
Antibiotics may be needed if symptoms are severe or last beyond three days. Depending on the cause, painkilling, antifungal or steroid eardrops may also be recommended. Under the NHS Pharmacy First, pharmacists can assess and treat ear infections in eligible children aged 1 to 17 without a GP appointment.
Need Treatment for an Ear Infection? Book Today
If you or your child has ear pain, Teddington Pharmacy is here to help. Our experienced pharmacists provide same-day clinical assessment, advice and treatment where appropriate.
Book an appointment or visit us today for expert support from our friendly team. Getting the right advice early can help you manage ear pain and feel better sooner.
FAQ
How long does acute otitis media last?
Most people start to feel better within three days, although symptoms can last up to a week. If there is no improvement after three days, seek advice from a pharmacist or GP.
Can adults get acute otitis media?
Yes, adults can develop it, although it is far more common in children under five due to the shape of their Eustachian tubes.
Do all ear infections need antibiotics?
No, most ear infections clear on their own with pain relief alone. Antibiotics are only recommended for severe or persistent cases, in line with NICE guidance.
Is acute otitis media contagious?
The infection itself is not contagious, but the colds and viruses that cause it spread easily, so good hand hygiene matters.
When should I see someone about an ear infection?
Seek help if symptoms last more than three days, if there is discharge from the ear or a high fever or if a child under two has pain in both ears.
Can Teddington Pharmacy treat ear infections without a GP referral?
Yes, through the NHS Pharmacy First service our pharmacists can assess and treat ear infections in children aged 1 to 17, with no referral or appointment needed.
